Memo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Reminder - Case Study Example The main thing the association needs to set up is the objectives. These will lean towards what the association is expecting to accomplish and what they need to achieve inside the transient that is not exactly a year and in a couple years’ time. So as to accomplish the objectives, it is important to have wanted results, for example, having money related security and a bigger demographic base for maintainability of the association. The ideal results will be joined by a timetable with set time breaking point to achieve the results. This will pressure the representatives and board individuals into working harder and more astute. Techniques to achieve the ideal results should be set up. These may incorporate relinquishing the ineffective board individuals, workers and trustees as they enhance the organization’s achievement. New board individuals can be gotten who have information in business and financial aspects. The new individuals will work with the previous proposition and plans of the improvement board of trustees and the new objectives as a top priority. Proportion of the objective and systems ought to be set up to be done after like clockwork and the conclusive outcomes to be discharged at the very latest the set timetable. Solid initiative gives guidance and direction for the remainder of the individuals in the association without which there will be disorder and tumult as is right now the case in ECO. The board and trustees should meet up with help from nonpartisan gathering look for another pioneer from outside the current people who has business experience. Assessment of progress caused will to be completed after like clockwork and will concentrate on the difficulties and qualities made by the pioneer. The board is responsible for looking for assets to run the association which is brought out through raising money. Without the assets to run the association, it should be shut and the workers lose their wellspring of employment. The more seasoned more

The Gilded Age Essays - Standard Oil, Gilded Age, Rockefeller Family

The Gilded Age Numerous individuals saw representatives of the nineteenth century as burglar noblemen. They accepted that these representatives were so developed into goliath enterprises and were so committed in taking a stab at monopolistic influence that their lone interest was riches and influence in lieu of achievements. This passage balances thought of burglar aristocrats. John Chamberlain stresses the innovative achievements of these business heads. He clarifies the impacts they had on the American open, while likewise understanding the ?disgraceful viewpoints? of their activities. In the accompanying paper, I will sum up Chamberlain's perspectives on Vanderbilt, Rockefeller and Carnegie, their accomplishments and their interest to manage the American economy. The period after the Civil War brought about a noteworthy development in the industrialization of the American economy. Numerous new faces began to rise out into mechanical endeavors. One of these new faces was Cornelius Vanderbilt. Individuals accepted that he was a man that pre-owned guile to control properties that he needed. At the point when engaged with something, Vanderbilt was a man who was resolved to have physical and conservative upgrades for the organization. He started his profession from his adoration for steamers, yet as the steamers time reached a conclusion Vanderbilt got engaged with railways. With his benefit produced using steamers and oversea issues, he bought portions of the Harlem Railroad. This would later assist him with overseeing Canada Southern, Lake Shore and the Michigan Central. These initial steps lead him to much distinction in the efficient world. He handed-off the Central's tracks from New York to Chicago with new steel rails and more grounded steel spans. He created an increasingly effective sort of train and the voyaging time was definitely abbreviated. Vanderbilt helped interface the east and west universes of America together. ?Vanderbilt may have watered the Central's stock. Be that as it may, as quick as he watered it he hardened it ? also, the most terrible that can be said about his is that he was a keen capitalizer of future earnings.?(59) Chamberlain next analyzed John D. Rockefeller and his Standard Oil Company, the country's first huge trust. Standard Oil Co. outraged the country's customary serious morals. Individuals were utilized to little local organizations and couldn't appreciate Rockefeller's assurance for his organization to turn out to be completely great. He got associated with a little processing plant run by Samuel Andrews, this first organization lead to new accomplices. His organization expanded its benefits by making its own barrels in its own cooperage plants, dispatching its items in enormous amounts and furrowed the vast majority of its benefit once again into the business. As time passed by, Rockefeller's organization assimilated everything except five out of a sum of approximately 25 nearby processing plants. Many couldn't avoid Rockefeller's choice of holding onto their processing plant. ?We will take you troubles, we will use your capacity, we will give you portrayals; we will all join and fabricate a significant structure based on co-activity.? (63) As time passed, individuals dismissed Rockefeller's quest for purchasing their treatment facilities. Western Pennsylvania petroleum treatment facilities prohibited together and a few joined the Acme Oil Co., which was an opponent of the Standard Oil Co. The Southern Improvement Co. was a gadget supposed to be conjured by Rockefeller. One of its motivations was to correct discounts approaching half of the conveying charges on the entirety of its oil shipped by the Pennsylvania, Erie, and the New York Central. Most producers believed it to be very real to get limits for mass shipments and for an assurance of a consistent progression of business. A debate over this issue started and the news spread. Railways rapidly react to the issue and said that all future oil shipments would be founded on uniformity for everybody. Rockefeller utilized the Southern Improvement agreement to attract Cleveland treatment facilities into his enterprise. He had the option to settle the oil advertise by annihilating rivalry. From an imposing business model blessed messenger, individuals have said that Rockefeller carried the modern time of America to an extraordinary tallness. Two focuses have come about because of this perspective: first he was presumably the most capable contender of the nineteenth century and second the Standard Oil Co. had the option to shield rivalry from returning as the twentieth century drew nearer. In 1892, the Supreme

The Essay Experts Top 10 Tips for Website Organization and Flow

The Essay Experts Top 10 Tips for Website Organization and Flow Building a website for your company can be a daunting task. Even if you know what content you want on the site, you might be overwhelmed by how to organize it all. Here are a few tips on website organization that will keep your users happy   and get you compliments on how easy it is to navigate your site! 1. As a basic principle, dont have more than 6 main menu items. These will most often be something like: Home, About Us, Services/Rates, Testimonials, FAQ, and Contact Us. If you have a portfolio or samples, that will add a menu item. If you have a blog, that will add another menu item. Specialty websites might have different menu options but you should almost *never* have more than 8 in your list (my website pushes the limit)! Have more items? Create submenus! Thats what theyre there for. 2. Make all your menu items clickable (not just the sub-menus). Again, users expect to be able to click on things. If something looks like it should be a link, make it a link. Example: Services and Rates page. Even though your detailed information will be found under the submenu items for each service, create a simple page where people get sent if they click on the general Services Rates item. On that simple page, have links to each service. You might be surprised how this small thing will change the way users experience your site! 3. Make your logo (generally the top left corner of every page) a link to your home page. Users are starting to expect that! 4. Create a clickable menu, basically a table of contents, at the top of a long page (dont make people scroll down to find out whats there). This way people can click on the menu item and get sent to the place on the page with the information they need. This technique is used regularly in FAQs but is often overlooked on other types of pages. 5. Make your site as easy to edit as possible. There are always items that will change. You might offer new goods, change prices, add items to your portfolio, run new specials or cancel old ones. Create a structure for the site that can accommodate these changes. This requires thinking ahead about what categories of items you will need in the future (see #10)! This practice will save you time and money on web updates and will help you and your website stay organized. 6. Make it easy for users to find and use your contact information. In addition to your Contact Us main menu item, put your contact information clearly on the home page and make sure the Contact Us link is always easy to find. You dont want your users to have to work hard to find out how to contact you! 7. Do not have broken links or links to parts of your site that are under construction. If the link does not bring the user to anything useful, dont have a link there at all. 8. Running a special? Put it on every page. But dont make it scroll or pop out every time someone clicks on a new link or reads down a page. If you distract the viewer she is more likely to be annoyed by your persistent offer than to take advantage of it. 9. Have a lot to say? Is your text getting too long? Thats what a Learn More link is for! People who are interested will click. People who arent interested will move on to the next thing. 10. Think ahead. Make sure, *before* you start building your site, to create a site map. A site map looks a lot like a family tree, with the main menu items at the top. Fit everything you want to have on your site into your site map and *then* create the site according to your tree. This planning stage will save you huge amounts of time and effort in the future and will set you up to accommodate the growth of your site and your business. Implement these ten tips and your users will thank you! Your site will be organized, well thought out, and a pleasure to click through.

Summary Of Dostoevskys Crime And Punishment - 1398 Words

In Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment, there are many â€Å"illuminating instances† that present â€Å"casements,† displaying key openings that reveal deeper meanings embedded throughout the story. In this particular scene, Rodya has recently been sent a letter from his mother describing what has happened to Dunya. The letter discusses the discerning past with her boss, Svidrigailov, and her upcoming marriage to Luzhin. Clearly, Rodya is unsettled by these names of Svidrigailov and Luzhin, along with their backgrounds and intentions. As he wanders St. Petersburg, his mind is everywhere. At one moment he is contemplating the impossibility of Luzhin’s described character; at another, he is speaking of Svidrigailov to himself. Then suddenly, he†¦show more content†¦His goal is clearly to keep the girl away from the other man. His insistent addressing of the officer demonstrates a pure intention of keeping the girl safe. He makes sure to maintain proper communication with the officer and relays intricate observations of the girl’s condition and appearance. This action also shows the evidence of morality in Rodya’s character. However, Dostoevsky purposefully intends to make clear the mercurialness of this character. When he writes, â€Å"At that moment something seemed to sting Raskolnikov; in an instant, a complete revulsion of feeling came over him,† he creates a direct parallel comparison within Rodya (52). This direct connotation of a â€Å"sting† represents Rodya’s inherent characteristic of volatility. His initial reactions display a moral disposition, then as he watches the officer pursue the man and the girl he cries out, â€Å"Let them be! What is it to do with you? Let her go! Let him amuse himself. What is it to do with you?† (52). This is a complete change in mindset from his original reaction. He seems to desert the part of the moral compass he has maintained during this event and converts to second-guessing and questioning himself repeatedly. This transfer of thought directly shows Rodya’s change in mentality from moral to immoral. His further contemplation of women’s role and fate in society also represent his immoral thought process. HeShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Dostoevskys Crime And Punishment792 Words   |  4 Pagesthe other it firmly grasps sickness, jealousy, and fear. In Dostoevskys work â€Å"Crime and Punishment† he uses yellow as an indicator for the sinfulness and filth that permeates and surrounds the characters. To compound the sinful filthy nature of the characters yellow also adopts the form of sickness, manifesting in both mental and physical states: a sentiment that is mirrored in Perkins Stetsons’ work â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Dostoevskys depiction of sin and sickness is prevalent throughout his workRead MoreEssay about Dostoevsky and Nietzsches Overman2123 Words   |  9 Pagesmakes anyone who has read Nietzsches Zarathustra - even aphoristically, as I tried to do at first - cringe. Barrons Encyclopedia defines an overman as someone who has his act together and gets things done. Of course, considering that this is a summary of one part of Nietzsches ideas, and that the encyclopedia reduces his entire philosophy to one short paragraph, this is not a poor definition. But it eliminates parts of Nietzsches concept of the overman, or superman, which are essential to anRead MoreLiterature and Politics the Impact of Dostoevsky9582 Words   |  39 PagesDOSTOEVSKY Dostoevsky and the Legend of the Grand Inquisitor, by Vasily Rozanov. Translated and with an Afterword by Spencer E. Roberts. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1972. Pp. xi. 232. $12.50. Political Apocalypse. A Study of Dostoevskys Grand Inquisitor, by Ellis Sandoz. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971, Pp. xviii. 263. $13.50.* ostoevskys great novels have spawned a vast library of critical 1/literature, a library which extends well beyond traditionalRead MoreContentious Expert Testimony Case Study: R vs. Smith4529 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿R v. Smith: Contentious Expert Testimony Life does not frequently imitate art. The case of R v. Smith [2011] EWCA Crime 1296 is evocative of the famed and beloved masterpiece by Fyodor Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment. The convicted murderer, Peter Smith, is very much a modern day Raskolnikov, though its doubtful that he will reach the level of redemption that Dostoevskys protagonist achieves. The case of R v. Smith [2011] EWCA Crim 1296 arose because of the murder of Hilda Owen, a 71- year old

The Aca Requirements For Insurers - 1320 Words

The ACA requirements for insurers to cover mammogram Policy background Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the US. About 40,000 women die from breast cancer each year, making it â€Å"the second leading cause of cancer death among women† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) requires insurers to â€Å"provide coverage for and shall not impose any cost sharing requirements for† preventive services which are â€Å"in the current recommendation of the United States Preventive Services Task Force† (USPSTF). Nevertheless, the ACA makes an exception for breast cancer screening by stating that the USPSTF’s recommendation regarding mammogram â€Å"shall be considered the most current other than those issued in or around November 2009†. By using this legislative tool, the federal government mandates health insurers to provide coverage for annual or biennial mammograms in women aged 40 and older (US Preventive Services Task Force, 2013). While the ACA regulates the age limit, frequency, and cost-sharing rule of mammogram at federal level, preceding state policies regarding reimbursement for breast cancer screening dates back to the 1980s. Before the implementation of the ACA, the District of Columbia and all states except Utah required health insurance to cover mammogram. Laws vary slightly from state to state, but most of them mandate coverage for biennial mammograms for women aged 40 to 49 and annualShow MoreRelatedThe President Of The United States1243 Words   |  5 PagesPolicy Advisor Date: June 9, 2015 RE: Mandate recipients of government subsidy health care utilize ACA annual preventative care benefit before annual renewal There is no denying The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (more commonly known as ACA) is the largest health care reform in America’s history. ACA has provided affordable health care to millions of uninsured Americans nationwide. The ACA health care plans on the exchange (Marketplace) have to meet certain criteria, including provideRead MoreThe On Health Care Reform1290 Words   |  6 Pagesexpand health care coverage, however, in order to do so, many changes must be implemented in order to fulfill the ACA s promises. The first of which is allowing all individuals to acquire health insurance no matter the age, pre-existing conditions, or other unfair practices. Statistics show that â€Å"half of Americas† have a preexisting medical condition in which with the passage of the ACA, it allows individuals to acquire health insurance without the worry of having to pay high insurance bills (MoisseRead MoreUse Of Medical Loss Ratios1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Medic al Loss Ratio (MLR). The MLR was designed to regulate insurance providers and ensure the majority of customer premiums were being used to support customer outcomes surrounding the provision of health care. This Affordable Health Care Act (ACA) requires insurance providers to spend minimally 80 percent of premium dollars on medical care, with the review provisions imposing tighter limits on health insurance rate increases (CMS.gov, n.d.). In the event they fail to meet these standards, theRead MoreThe Implementation Of The Affordable Care Act Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesimplementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), popularly known as â€Å"Obamacare†, has drastically altered healthcare in America. The goal of this act was to give Americans access to affordable, high quality insurance while simultaneously decreasing overall healthcare spending. The ACA had intended to maximize health care coverage throughout the United States, but this lofty ambition resulted in staggeringly huge financi al and human costs. The ACA requires insurers to accept all applicants, cover certainRead MoreA Brief Note On The Affordable Care Act1667 Words   |  7 PagesAffordable Care Act (ACA) provides us with the opportunity to advance health equity and social justice through expansion of Medicaid, establishment of state health exchanges and changes to private insurance to increase access. However, this opportunity has not been fully realized since the inception of the ACA because it was not implemented as a federal mandate, but rather allowed flexibility in Medicaid expansion by individual states. Other weaknesses result from the fact that ACA provisions have oftenRead MoreRationale Of Health Insurance Expansion1025 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Insurance Expansion Rationale of Health Insurance Expansion. In 2010, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) (HHS, 2014). This law placed health insurance reforms put consumers in charge of their health care choices (HHS, 2014). The Affordable Care Act has been working to make health care more affordable, accessible with high quality for families, seniors, businesses and more (HHS, 2014). This law also was intended to change the Medicaid programs by providingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Mediciciana Plan1319 Words   |  6 PagesMedicaid programs beyond what is available under current law. Indiana is among the seven states that are using a Federal waiver to continue its seven-year-old Healthy Indiana Plan instead of implementing the traditional Medicaid expansion offered by the ACA. The Healthy Indiana Plan, also known as HIP 2.0 since 2015, is a health insurance program for uninsured adults with income at or below 138 percent of the Federal poverty level.1 Indiana Medicaid has three programs for patients with serious mental illnessRead MoreGoals Of The Afforadable Care Act1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthe efficiency of healthcare. Expanding healthcare coverage - why did we need it? In 2010, the National Health Interview survey revealed that 16% of the American population were uninsured. Furthermore, in the year prior to the implementation of the ACA, census surveys affirmed that forty-seven (47.3) million Americans under the age of 65 were uninsured; this constituted 18% of the under 65 demographic. Moreover, of the individuals who had health insurance, thirty-one (31.7) million individuals spentRead MoreThe Provisions Of The Affordable Care Act1319 Words   |  6 Pages3.0 PROVISIONS OF THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT To Expand Health Care Coverage (a.) Expansion of Public Health Insurance Programs In order to decrease the amount of uninsured individuals one of the provisions of the ACA centered on expanding public health insurance programs namely Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program(CHIP). Medicaid was expanded to include children, pregnant women, parents, and adults without dependent children up to 133% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). Medicaid expansionRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1057 Words   |  5 PagesAffordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable care Act also known as Affordable Care Act, Obama Care and ACA is an act signed into law by the current president of the United States, Barack Obama in March 23, 2010. Beginning in 2014, any failure to purchase minimum coverage will result in a person being fined. Also included in the Act are individual mandate requirements, expanding public programs, health insurance exchanges, transition to private insurance, what is required of employers

Tell About the Time When You Gained Something Precious Free Essays

It was cold that October morning in Elizabeth City, NC. I hardly slept at all the night before and 4a. m. We will write a custom essay sample on Tell About the Time When You Gained Something Precious or any similar topic only for you Order Now had come very early. It didn’t matter; I had to be at the hospital at 6a. m. It was finally time for the world to meet baby Valarey and for baby Valarey to meet the world. It was time, time to have my precious baby. By 7a. m. I was hooked up to my IV. By 9a. m. the nurses had me hooked up to a fetal monitor that monitored my baby and my contractions. I was now stuck in this not so comfortable bed until after my baby was born. My labor had started on its own but my doctor decided to start a Pitocin drip to induce my labor and make it go a little faster. It was now 4p. m. and was time for the epidural. My husband almost passed out after watching the elongated needle go into the small of my back! It took everything in me to whisper â€Å"Something’s wrong† to the nurse. Everything went dark and I could hear a beeping noise that sounded like it was fading in the distance. I was dying, slowly slipping away from this world. When I finally regained consciousness I looked at my husband in dismay. The look on his face was complete trepidation. He told me that my blood pressure had plummeted and they had almost lost me. The nurse asked me how I was feeling and I told her I was ok. It seemed like I had been out for a very long time but my husband said it was only seconds. He said that the nurse had to inject me with some emergency medication to bring my blood pressure back to normal. It was now about 9p. m. and the nurse told me it was time to have my baby. It was pushing time! You could see the excitement is my husband’s face. I was just as excited! We were about to meet our second baby. To finally see what she looked like, to hear the sounds of here cries and to feel her soft skin. The pushing began but the doctor was not in the room yet. My knees were up to my ears and my chin was on my chest as I pushed with all my might, bearing down as hard as I could. After pushing really hard three times everyone in the room started to yell stop! Stop pushing! I thought something was wrong. The baby’s head was out. Her beautiful mystical blue eyes were fluttering like a butterflies wings. Soft, fine almost white, blonde hair and ivory fair skin was the first thing we saw of her. The doctor walked in the room all suited up and the pushing began again. After just a few more pushes our second baby girl was delivered. She was 8lbs even and 19 1/2in long. Valarey Joyce Hunter was born at 9:45p. m. on October 30th, 2001. She was the most beautiful and inestimable thing I had ever seen. How to cite Tell About the Time When You Gained Something Precious, Essays

Employment Relations - Professions - Ethics and Careers

Question: Write about theEmployment Relations, Professions, Ethics and Careers. Answer: The first question of this assignment deals with the importance of breadth and reliability of information in finding new talents. After answering the question, the prior topic between them has to be selected so that it can make some sense. Breadth is a very important aspect in the course of HR management. It means the broadening of the experience among the HR managers so that the workplace or the organization can be benefitted and enhanced. The new talents want the exposure of their capabilities so they want new challenges in the work field by facing challenges and pressures. The importance of reliability is also another important aspect as it deals with trust quotient of a person (Mowday, Porter and Steers 2013). A person should be much dependable to their seniors and the management. The new talents should always maintain ethics when they represent themselves in front of their seniors and that helps to keep a good employment relation. The seniors should have faith in them upon assigning any work on them. Both these aspects are very important in finding new talents so none of them can be made solely prior though the impact of reliability gives a much fair impression on the employers. The management of the modern organizations has found new ways of exploring new talents nowadays. One of them is by using social networking sites. A social networking site like Book face is very effective on the young minds. They get attracted to use various social networking sites from a very early age. The management must see this as a new venture because a lot of young boys and girls are generally introvert and do not want to express them. They are alert and active on the social sites though (Aral, Dellarocas and Godes 2013). The recruiters use to visit the profiles of the desiring candidates in the social networking site and if they get impressed with the kind of profiles, they tend to hire them. This works on a parallel line as for rejecting the candidates. Some other low cost means like online job sites also help them to locate the candidates and take interviews. Thus they can be reviewed. The recruiters can also review the candidates by taking online tests and creative tests so that they can judge their skills instantly. The candidates can follow the pages of the organizations on Book Face and the recruiters can contact them in near future. Essay Question for Assessment The following portion of the assignment deals with the essay question that is very important in the context of Human Resource Management. The question deals with the nature of promotion and compensation in the HR management areas (Hendry 2014). Promotion is one of the most important aspects in the employed life of a person (Seringhaus and Rosson 2012). The meaning of promotion is to advance in his professional career. It signifies his upliftment from his present rank to a higher rank. A person is only promoted to a higher rank when he has performed in his present rank or designation in a satisfactory way. This means he is ready to control a bigger role in the organization. Simultaneously, his salary is also increased. The aspect of loyalty is very significant in deciding the nature of promotion of an employee. A promotion in job also signifies a bigger responsibility and it is upon the human resource department to decide whether that person can manage the increased level of duties or not. They have to make the fact sure before the hierarchy promotes them. In case the HR department finds that he is not fit to manage the responsibilities, they can make certain arrangements to train that person. Another important aspect of this essay question is the aspect of compensation (Leave and No 2012). Compensation is something that an employee receives apart from their basic wages and salaries. The compensation is generally regarded as the amount of money that an employee receives for contributing his best efforts to the organization and in return, the organization rewards them by giving extra money and benefits to the employee. These employees can include medical insurances, travel allowances, tickets for travelling at a certain tome of the year and others. The extra amount of money that the employee receives can be called as bonus, incentives, commissions, profit sharing and some others. The role of human resource management professionals is a key one in this aspect. They have to analyze the job profiles from the job descriptions given and assess them if the particular employee has performed well enough to be considered for compensation. Human Resource Professional Competency Human resource professional competency is the framework is the framework by which the different tasks have to be measured by the human resource managers to assess the performance level of the employers (Ulrich et al. 2012). The HR professionals have to perform a wide range of tasks and they have to practice their profession in a wide range of contexts. The functional and enabling competency is one of the most important competency aspects that have to be highlighted in this context. The HR managers must assess the functional abilities of the employees in different situations. They have to analyze their job roles and the ways they are performing those job roles. It is their part of work to promote the particular employees and ensure a compensation for their positive contribution to the organization. Stakeholder Theory Stake holder theory is a very important theory in the context of the management. It is generally a theory that concerns over the management of the organizations and the business ethics (Crane and Matten 2016). These things are very essential to run a business organization. This is also significant in the study of the strategic management (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). The stakeholders of an organization always have a sharp eye on the development of the organization. The development is closely associated with the performance of the employees and when the targets are met, the performance of the employees should be rewarded. This also concerns the promotion and compensation for the employees so that they get motivation from the stakeholders and the hierarchy. References Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. and Godes, D., 2013. Introduction to the special issuesocial media and business transformation: a framework for research.Information Systems Research,24(1), pp.3-13. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Hendry, C., 2012.Human resource management. Routledge. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Leave, B. and No, C., 2012. Compensation and Benefits.Policy. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Seringhaus, F.R. and Rosson, P.J. eds., 2012.Export development and promotion: The role of public organizations. Springer Science Business Media. Ulrich, D., Brockbank, W., Younger, J. and Ulrich, M., 2012.Global HR competencies. McGraw-Hill.

Sitting Bull Essay Example

Sitting Bull Paper If we live to the biblical life-span of three score years and ten, then the vast majority of our life-cycle will be spent in adulthood an area about which little was known in terms of psychological theory and research until fairly recently. Indeed Levinson et al (1978) go so far as to describe adulthood as one of the best-kept secrets in our society and probably in human history, generally . Can it be possible that by applying the psychological perspective of a theory of lives to an adults passage through life that we could gain a better understanding of an individuals life structure or as Levinson (1978) describes the concept the underlying pattern or design of a persons life at a given time (quoted in Sugarman p. 103)? In an effort to answer this question, I have chosen to examine the life of possibly one of the best known Native American Chiefs namely Sitting Bull (Tatanka-Iyotanka) of the Hunkpapa Sioux. I chose to read 2 biographies on Sitting Bull and although both are on the same person, the authors use different approaches to provide insights into the mans character. The main theories of lives which I chose to apply in this assignment were those of Erikson, (with particular reference to his development of ego strengths) and Maslow, since I felt that they were likely to be more relevant, given Sitting Bulls cultural background, then a more modern theory such as Levinsons. We will write a custom essay sample on Sitting Bull specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sitting Bull specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sitting Bull specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also, much of Eriksons research was done amongst the Sioux Indians while if we were to look at the fifteen characteristic traits of self-actualising people as identified by Maslow (quoted in Sugarman, pp. 31-34), then it could certainly be suggested that Sitting Bull was operating successfully at some, if not indeed all, of these levels. Stanley Vestals biography Sitting Bull Champion of the Sioux (3rd ed. 1989) approached the character of Sitting Bull by way of the literary method after spending 5 years gathering information for the original edition of the book in 1932. Vestal spent much of his youth living in Indian Territory, playing games with Cheyenne and Arapaho boys and consequently developing what would seem to be an abiding interest in their culture. Upon deciding to write a biography on Sitting Bull after the first World War, he returned to Sioux country where there were still tribal members living who had experienced Indian life firsthand along with some who had known Sitting Bull personally. It is worth mentioning here that only those who actually knew the Sioux and could merit their confidence were able to secure factual data so perhaps a strong point in Vestals favour, at least from my personal point of view, was the realisation that he had obviously gained enough of the Siouxs confidence to be adopted, as a son, in 1929 by One Bull, a nephew of Sitting Bull; who along with another nephew, White Bull (supposedly the Indian who actually killed Custer at Little Big Horn) provided their support and co-operation to enable their uncles life story to be printed. Indeed for more than half a century, Vestals work dominated book-shelves as the standard biography of Sitting Bull, a fact acknowledged by Robert Utley in my other chosen reading The Lance and the Shield: The Life and Times of Sitting Bull (1998) which builds the character of Sitting Bull by historical method; although he does admit that sources he used provided him with enough persuasive evidence to corroborate the essence of the image recalled for Vestal by White Bull, One Bull and the other Indians of the 1920s The problem which Utley seems to suffer from is similar to the one which I also faced when attempting to apply the relevance of a theory of lives to Sitting Bulls life-history in that it is difficult to look at him in terms of his cultural norms and not mine, although there are occasions when it has been possible to use what little knowledge I have learned about his culture to perhaps better understand his motivations or at least not pass judgement on him through my lack of understanding. Sitting Bull was born in March 1831 at Many-Caches on the south bank of Grand River, South Dakota. As a child he was nicknamed Slow, seemingly because even as a child, he did not instantly put food from his hand to his mouth (as is the habit of most babies) but instead held the food in his hand, constantly turning it over and looking at it before deciding to eat it although once he accepted it, however, he never let go (Vestal, p. 3), and as we will discover this tenacity was a characteristic which he maintained right up to the day that he died. Even as a child, Sitting Bull was proud of his nation and longed for the time when he could share the brave adventures of the warriors. We need to understand here that to the Sioux prestige, especially won on the warpath was an all important dream so it seems small wonder that at the age of 14, Sitting Bull was so eager to prove to the Sioux that he was a man that he followed his father and other warriors on a raid against the Crow where he successfully achieved the goal of every Indian warrior namely counting coup, i. e.touching or striking the enemy with the hand or with a coup-stick. Although our culture may find it difficult to comprehend, Indians regarded hand-to-hand combat as the only manly form of battle even after they had obtained long-range weapons because the prime object of Plains Indian warfare was not bloodshed or manslaughter of the enemy, but a way of distinguishing oneself. Consequently, counting coup was rated by the Indians as a more greater war honour than the mere killing of an enemy and indeed all their social privileges were dependent upon achieving as many coups as possible. Small wonder then that at age 14, Sitting Bull appeared to be particularly concerned with finding his own personal space in Sioux adult society. He certainly seems to have obtained formal operational thought as defined by Piaget in that he could think what others would think of him, because before riding off to join his father and the other warriors, he was able to conceive that had he informed his mother and his two sisters of his intentions then they would soon remind him that he was just a boy, only fourteen years old (Vestal, p. 8), and also of how upon catching up with the other warriors he felt the silent disapproval of these men (Vestal, p. 8). At this stage of his life, Sitting Bull might be seen as matching Eriksons 5th stage of psychosocial development, since he seems to have gained some understanding of the values and beliefs of his culture to which he felt he must show commitment and loyalty, thus he appears to have been successful in producing the ego strength of fidelity whereby the need is felt to be true to ourselves. Indeed, Erikson suggests that the achievement of a sense of self-identity can carry people through difficult times in their lives and provide them with a feeling of being at home in ones body, a sense of knowing where one is going and an inner assurance of anticipated recognition from those who count (Gross p. 633) It might also be suggested that even at the young age of 14, Sitting Bull seems to be motivated to address himself to the 4th level in Maslows hierarchy of needs self esteem, since he appears to be seeking a high level of self-respect and also respect from others which, when satisfied, leads as Maslow suggests to feelings of self-confidence, worth, strength, capability, and adequacy, of being useful and necessary in the world (Maslow, 1970, p.45 quoted in Sugarman, p. 31). Having achieved a sense of adult identity, Erikson suggests that the developmental task of early adulthood is to achieve the ego strength of love achieved through the establishment of intimacy the adaptive outcome of his 6th psychosocial stage. The maladaptive outcome of this stage is isolation, although it should be stressed here that Erikson does not see these adaptive/maladaptive personality outcomes as either/or alternatives, suggesting instead that every personality represents a mixture of both with healthy development involving the adaptive outweighing the maladaptive. With regard to Sitting Bulls exploits in early adulthood, it should be recognised that Sioux mores exalted female chastity a point seemingly observed by General Sully in his official statement that the females of the wild bands of Sioux, called the Teton Sioux, set an example of virtue worthy of being copied by any civilized nation (Vestal p. 24).

Commentaire darret TGI Lille 5 juin 2002 Essays - Free Essays

Commentaire d'arret TGI Lille 5 juin 2002 Essays - Free Essays Commentaire d'arret TGI Lille 5 juin 2002 Le 5 juin 2002, le tribunal de grande instance de Lille a rendu une decision tres critiquee relative a l'infidelite au sein des couples pacses. Dans ce jugement il s'agit d'un homme pacse qui reproche a son partenaire d'entretenir des relations adulteres avec un autre. Le probleme c'est qu'il a des difficultes a recueillir des temoignages de la part du voisinage et demande pour cela la commission d'un huissier afin qu'il vienne constater l'infidelite. Il fait donc une demande au tribunal de grande instance de Lille afin que sa requete soit prise en compte. On peut se demander dans qu'elle mesure le PACS donne-t-il naissance a un devoir de fidelite? Le president du tribunal de grande instance statuant sur les visas de l'article 145 du nouveau code de procedure civil, et sur l'article 515-1 et 1134 du code civil valide la demande du requerant et commet un huissier de justice afin de constater l'infidelite de son partenaire. Il considere en effet que de l'article 515-1 du code civil decoule une obligation de vie commune entre partenaires d'un Pacte civil de solidarite, qui doit etre executee loyalement. Que l'obligation de devoir executer loyalement le devoir de communaute de vie commande de sanctionner toute forme d'infidelite entre partenaires. Que le manquement a l'obligation de vie commune justifie une procedure en resiliation de PACS aux torts du partenaire fautif. I) Le PACSet ses effets A. Le PACS, un contrat au dela des relations patrimoniales. Le pacte civil de solidarite est un contrat entre deux personnes majeures, de sexe different ou de meme sexe, pour organiser leur vie commune. Il a ete promulgue par la loi du 15 novembre 1999. Le PACS etablit des droits et des obligations entre les deux contractants, en terme de soutien materiel, de logement, de patrimoine, d'impots et de droits sociaux. Il peut etre dissous par la volonte de l'un ou des deux contractants, qui adresse une declaration au tribunal d'instance ou au notaire. Dans le cas de notre arret, le requerant invoque la faute de son partenaire dans la mesure ou ce dernier aurait eu des relations extra-conjugales. Alors que dans le mariage l'adultere est considere comme une faute, la loi sur le PACS ne mentionne pas ce principe. Toute fois, le code civil est assez vague quant aux effets du PACS concernant la dimension extrapatrimoniale. En effet, l'article 515-1 du Code civil prevoit que ce contrat a pour finalite d'organiser la vie commune de ses contractants. Ain si en vu de cette definition il semble legitime de se demander si de la notion de vie commune decoule plus qu'une simple collocation. Dans ce cas le PACS n'est plus un simple contrat visant a organiser les relations patrimoniales entre les contractants mais s'ouvre aux relations prevues par le droit des personnes. B. Vie commune et devoir de fidelite entre les partenaires L'ancien article 515-4 du code civil prevoyait que les partenaires lies par un pacte civil de solidarite s'apportent une aide mutuelle et materielle, ce dernier article a ete modifie par la loi du 23 juin 2006 qui declare que les partenaires lies par un pacte civil de solidarite s'engagent a une vie commune ainsi qu'a une aide materielle et une assistance reciproque. On comprend aisement la volonte du legislateur de renforcer le PACS dans une dimension qui depasse celle du seul patrimoine. Le PACS deviens alors un contrat qui organise la vie commune. Le Conseil constitutionnel a precise dans une decision du 9 novembre 1999 que la "vie commune suppose outre la cohabitation, une vie de couple" qui ne se limite pas a "une communaute d'interets". Il existe entre partenaires pacses sinon une obligation de fidelite, au moins une obligation de loyaute derivant du droit commun des obligations contractuelles. Il semble alors legitime de se demander si la solution retenue par le tribunal de gr ande instance du 5 juin 2002 est justifiee ou non. Cette ordonnance ne remet pas en cause la liberte de defaire un PACS, mais rappelle qu'il est possible de rompre unilateralement un PACS et d'exiger des dommages-interets pour les motifs qui ont conduit a prendre une telle decision. Il ressort de la decision du Conseil constitutionnel que le PACS est un contrat et comme

Differentiate among the three fungal phyla Assignment

Differentiate among the three fungal phyla - Assignment Example This organism is commonly referred to as the bread mold (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2012). Organisms in this phylum obtain their nutrients through absorptions. They usually secrete hydrolytic enzymes that can break large molecules into simpler substances in a process of decomposition. They then absorb the simpler substances as their nutrients. Organisms in this phylum are important to humans because they are used in producing coloring agents and anesthetics. They are also important in agriculture because they help in decomposition that returns nutrients to the soil. They also increase the absorption of water and minerals from the soil by agricultural crops. Organisms in this phylum reproduce both sexually and asexually. The asexual reproduction process of ascomycetes involves conidia formation. The sexual reproduction these organisms differs from those of Zygomycotes. For example, unlike the zygomycota, the haploid stage of reproduction of the ascomycetes involves joining of male and female gamete producing cells. The sexual reproduction of these organisms leads to the formation of Ascospores. An example of organism in this phylum includes the baker’s yeast The ascomycetes obtain their nutrients the same ways as zygomycetes. For example, they decompose the surfaces of their surrounding using their strong digestive enzymes. The decomposed substances are them absorbed into their cells in form of molecules. They obtain their nutrients from dead matter or through a symbiotic relationship with some living organisms. Ascomycetes are also used in food production. For example, the baker’s yeast is used in making many products such as bread and wine. In addition, their ability to decompose substances makes them important in agriculture just like the zygomyotes. In addition, they provide nitrogen to some plants during symbiosis. Unlike the other phyla, organisms in this phylum only reproduce sexually. They

Social Responsibility of The Athletes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Responsibility of The Athletes - Essay Example They have an influential power that can bring people from different cultures or religious to come up with amazing strategies in the society (Smith, 2013). They can allow the people through their different activities related to the society. They should be confident, honest and supportive. They have to get past to athlete’s association and personal advisers and think about what is best for the people of their nation. Athletes stand a better chance of making the world a better place. This is attributed to the fact that they are public figures and command a great following. The less fortunate people in the society are as much important as the athletes themselves, their coaches as well as their fans. Athletes have the responsibility to fight for social justice. They should be ready to part of their huge salaries for the sake of recognition of the people’s rights and better living condition. Some of the top earners in sports include; Aaron Rodgers, North American who plays football for Green Bay Packers earns 43 million USD per year, Drew Bees, the North American football player for New Orleans Saints earns 40 million USD per year, just to mention but a few (Neto, 2013). These players can give the portion of their salaries to charity or projects and programs aimed at helping the needy. They should be ready to stand by what is right and what they believe even if they are criticized. Athletes can change lives through social responsibility. The reason is that athletics have the power to bring about strong emotions and encourage health, friendship, and respect. They are able to support and inspire people with intellectual disability through sports. Sports help them to improve physical fitness, show courage, and be involved in the sharing of gifts; talents and friendship. The Union of European Football Association’s (UEFA) social responsibility partners see this as an outstanding job.

Bacillary And Post Parturient Hemoglobinuria Biology Essay

Bacillary And Post Parturient Hemoglobinuria Biology Essay Post parturient hemoglobinuria is a sporadic disease of multiparous, high producing dairy cows and buffaloes characterized by red blood cells breakdown in the muscles, hemoglobinuria and anemia. The prevalence of the disease in the overall cattle population is very little with a case fatality rate ranging from 10 to 50% (1).Parturient hemoglobinuria was formerly known as milk fever complex, post- parturient hemoglobinuria, puerperal hemoglobinuria and nutritional hemoglobinuria, etc. History Parturient hemoglobinuria was first reported in 1939 in buffaloes in the Indian sub-continent in the Lyallpur district, now Faisalabad (Aslam and Haq, 1967). The first known reference of its occurrence and possible cause in Pakistan was by Hussain (1955). Subsequent reviews on the issue recommended that phosphorus insufficiency may be a possible reason of the disease (Pirzada et al., 1989; Pirzada and Ali, 1990). However, so far its true etiology remains doubtful. Etiology Consequent papers concluded that PPH is neither infectious nor contagious derived from negative serological and bacteriological verification for pathogenic bacteria and failure to identify erythrocyte parasites (1,6,7,8,9,10).Different causes, e.g. protein and mineral insufficiency, Saponin from cruciferous plants, competition for mineral assimilation and, hypophosphataemia because of phosphorus insufficiency. Pirzada et al. (1989) and Cheema et al. (1980) reported that no contributory pathogen could be secluded from the affected animals. Copper insufficiency has been recommended as a possible cause of PPH by personnel in New Zealand. animals from dairy farms with a high occurrence of PPH had low levels of copper in serum and liver (12). A disease in Ontario named as red water was linked with several predisposing factors which included: a) fresh parturition, b) intense milk production, c) dietetic phosphorus insufficiency and d) eating of turnips, rape, kale, green alfalfa and sugar beet pulp (13,14,15). In addition, many cows were hypophosphataemia (1, 16, and 17). Susceptible animals A first round report recommended that parturient hemoglobinuria frequently affected high producing buffalo cows in the area of the Punjab province of Pakistan wherever there is a insufficiency of minerals, chiefly in the districts of Faisalabad, Jhelum, Attock and Rawalpindi. At these points soil tended to be deprived in minerals and buffaloes were affected more than cattle (Husain, 1955). The incidence of this syndrome in bulls, cows prior to parturation, heifers under two years old, or beef cows is remarkable but has been reported (23,22). A disease with many similarities has been described in sheep (13), Egyptian and Indian buffaloes (24,16) and a goat (17). Clinical signs Clinical signs of syndrome can bee seen 20+,-10 days, before or after parturition at what time affected Animals pass red to coffee colored urine and rectal temperature ranges from 38.38C to 39.48C, (Pirzada et al., 1989). On the other hand, with the advancement of disease, rectal temperature declines. Additional clinical signs are jaundice, anemia, recumbency, in appetence, labored breathing, and constipation (Razz et al., 1988). Cheema et al. (1980) reported that there was a considerable increase in the rectal temperature of affected animals. The disease affects buffaloes more than cattle (Pirzada et al., 1989) which is a judgment in close agreement with that of Raz et al. (1988). Pirzada et al. (1989) additional observed that phosphorus administration yielded effective outcome suggestive of hypophosphataemia as a causal issue and that, in the affected areas from August to January, animals in advanced stages of pregnancy should be supplemented with dicalcium phosphate or bone meal w hich should contain 13% and 17% phosphorus correspondingly (Amir and Kripsch- eer, 1989). This agreed with the findings of Akram et al. (1990) and Raz et al. (1988). Earlier, Sadiq et al. (1965) found that even though cases of parturient hemoglobinuria occurred all the way through the year, the occurrence increased in winter. On the other hand, Cheema et al. (1980) reported that frequently stall-fed animals were affected, and that most cases were occurring in July and September. The acute disease (three to five days) can come to an end in death or be followed by extended convalescence (two to eight weeks). Gangrene and sloughing of the extremities are reported sequelae. Recovered animals get back their former body condition and milk production gradually. Diagnosis It can On the basis of clinical signs and history Urinalysis can be helpful in the diagnosis of this syndrome. Microscopic inspection of the urine sediment is imperative to distinguish hematuria from hemoglobinuria. Treatment The recommended treatment for Post parturient hemoglobinuria in North America includes: 1) intravenous infusion of sodium acid phosphate (60 g in 300 mL of water), 2) 100 g of bone meal administered as a drench two times a day, 3) transfusion of fresh blood as needed and 4) intravenous fluids to sustain hydration (1,29,30). Improvement of any phosphorus insufficiency or disproportion in the ration together with removal of incriminated feeds might prevent further cases. Because of incompatible results with phosphate therapy and the copper-deficient status of affected cows, personnel in New Zealand recommend parenteral copper (120 mg available copper per cow) as the favored treatment (31). A study on treatment trials of hemoglobinuria in buffalo cows and cattle indicated that subsequent treatment with sodium acid phosphate (20% sol) administered concurrently by i.v., s.c. and oral routes, approximately 100% of affected animals recovered in 1-3 days (Shah et al., 1988). Blood transfusion also shows a good result in this regard (Rauf, 1989; Raz et al., 1991). A blood coagulant Botrophase prepared from the venom of the snake Bothrops jararaca, seems to have anti fibrinolytic action and was productively used to treat buffaloes facing parturient hemoglobinuria (Goel et al., 1988). Parenteral copper (120 mg available copper per cow) as the favored treatment (31). Treatment with toldimfos sodium and tea leaves and sodium acid phosphate Result of this treatment was based on the recovery of urine discoloration; the efficacy of toldimfos sodium was 85% followed by tea leaves 56%, and sodium acid phosphate 18%. (Zameer et.al 2010). Fallowing treatment with tae leaves and toldimofos sodium urine was clear next day, and with treatment with sodium acid phosphate urine was clear on third dy. (Zameer et.al 2010) Prevention Parenteral administration of copper has been effectual in dairy herds with previous histories of PPH (36,37). For prevention of the disease, supplementation with dicalcium phosphate has been suggested (Pirzada et al., 1989; Pirzada and Ali, 1990). The occurrence of PPH was considerably lower (5.18% versus 25.51%; P

Communism in Chinese Education

China has a long and rich cultural tradition in which education has played a major role. In 124 BC the first university was established for training prospective bureaucrats in Confucian learning and the Chinese classics. Only members of the upper class could attend school. Peasants and factory workers did not have the time to attend school; therefore as of 1949 only 20% of China was literate. The Communists who controlled China considered illiteracy a major stumbling block in their promotion of political programs. They then combined political propaganda with educational development. During the first few years (1949-51) of this push on education, over 60 million peasants enrolled in winter schools, or sessions, established to take advantage of the slack season for agricultural workers. Mao, the Communist leader of China, felt that the ultimate goal of education was to eliminate class distinction. After Mao†s death in 1976 a review of government policies concerning education was started. Out of this review came standardized testing and the reinstitution of entrance exams to get into schools and these exams were also used to get in the civil service. Chinese children entered school at age six and stayed for six years. They would study the Chinese language, math and other basic subjects. After going to an elementary school children would enter a middle school. The subjects the Chinese taught were particularly important for the advancement of the country. During the Ming dynasty Chinese novels became very popular. There were many poems and collections of short stories. The Ming also established free schools for the public hoping to expand education in china. Gifted students were selected for studying abroad especially in the United States. As these students finished their education and returned to China some of them teaching at Chinese Universities a major political unrest began to place. The recently educated youth of China challenged the Communist policies of their country. Many protest and rallies took place led by university students. This protest was because students did not want the government to have total power. Many of these protestors were killed or jailed and still are in jail today. The more educated the Chinese people became they realized that their present way of life was not as good as it should be.

Learning & Cognitive theories Essay

Learning in my life is an ongoing process; one that carries on as I come across various situations, every single one of them increasing my learning experience. It is rightly said that learning starts the day one is born and continues till one’s death bed. So in this respect there have been various stimuli that have repeatedly crossed my life. I have made several associations with different kinds of objects or situations for that matter which I have remembered and used to make various inferences. Who does not remember the jingles of the ice cream man, stimulating and beckoning the kids to crave for ice cream and inquire for money from the parents? Out of the many situations, one that has truly left an indelible impression on my mind is a childhood recollection of the horrific car accident that I went through with my family. Although I came out unscathed from the accident as did my family who just suffered minor injuries, the very thought of screeches of a car just triggers a whole array of thoughts and nightmares of my accident ordeal. It was a fine day with no unusual surroundings or conditions of the highway. Our car was also going at a steady pace maintaining the speed limits. The car was functioning well with every smallest detail of the car scrutinized by my father, a perfectionist at work. But as it happened that the heavy truck two cars in front of ours carrying logs of wood, its lock that fastened the logs broke free from its bolt which sent the logs tumbling down. This is what I last remembered out of my flashbulb memory, besides the incessant screeches and the wails of the people struck by this horrific incident. It is from that moment onwards that I shudder at the slightest screech of a car so much so that I cannot even stand my friends drifting their modified cars, much to their surprise and disgust. Such a fear that I have developed is largely due to that horrific incident that I went through. This has set a feeling or a sensation at the back of my mind about staying away from fast cars on the roads. I can attribute my fear to the concept of classical conditioning wherein an unconditioned stimulus (screech of a car) has turned into a conditioned stimulus. That conditioned stimulus sets off a conditioned response (fear of an accident). The concept of classical conditioning says exactly that learning is associated with a person responding to a neutral stimulus which normally does not bring about that response. So more often that not whenever I come across and hear a screech I relate it with a fear that somebody will have an accident. If I had not experienced that accident, such a screech of a car would not have meant anything abnormal or out of the ordinary. Such a behavior of mine can also be explained by the concept operant conditioning where a person learns a voluntary response and the extent of it is strengthened or weakened depending on its positive or negative consequences. In my accident scenario, the accident is a negative consequence which I associate with a screech of a car. So the screech or a high speed develops the fear and reinforces it as well. Such reinforcement may happen if somebody in my family also has an accident on a highway or I myself get into an accident. The reinforcement has also stemmed from media which has also done a sufficient bit to sustain my fear of car accidents. One can usually see in the car chases in the movies where the bad guys being chased by the cops or police in their cars get into accidents and get busted. There are several other instances where certain programs reinforce my fear of speeding and screeching cars like the reality car shows. They show cars getting into horrific and deadly accidents as the drivers over speed their vehicles. There is another approach to learning which is called cognitive social learning. One such learning is latent learning. In this type of learning a new behavior does not get registered properly though it is acquired till one receives reinforcement encouraging one to adopt or develop a behavior. But in my accident scenario, I can largely put it down to classical conditioning. This is where I have started making associations with certain stimuli which in turn leads to the development of fear. Reference ATHERTON J S (2005) Learning and Teaching: Cognitive theories of learning http://www. learningandteaching. info/learning/cognitive. htm Accessed: 2 February 2009 Frietas, S & Neumann, T. (2009). The use of exploratory learning for supporting immersive learning in virtual environments. Computers & Education Moriyama, J & Kato, Y. (2009) Self-efficacy and learning experience of information education: in case of junior high school. AI & Society

Identify the Ash

An ash tree commonly refers to trees of the genus Fraxinus (from Latin ash tree) in the olive family Oleaceae. The ashes are usually medium to large trees, mostly deciduous though a few subtropical species are evergreen. Identification of ash during the spring/early summer growing season is straight forward. Their leaves are opposite (rarely in whorls of three)  and mostly pinnately compound but can be simple in a few species. The seeds, popularly known as keys or helicopter seeds, are a type of fruit known as a samara. The genus Fraxinus contains 45-65 species worldwide. The Common North American Ash Species Green and white ash trees are the two most common ash species and their range covers most of the Eastern United States and Canada. Other significant ash trees to cover significant ranges are black ash, Carolina ash, and blue  ash. green ashwhite ash Unfortunately, both green ash and white ash populations are being decimated by the  emerald ash borer  or EAB. Discovered in 2002 near Detroit, MIichigan, the boring beetle has spread through much of the northern ash range and threatens billions of ash trees. Dormant Identification Ash has shield-shaped leaf scars (at the point where the leaf breaks away from the twig). The tree has tall, pointed buds above the leaf scars. There are no stipules on ash trees so no stipulate scars. The tree in winter has pitchfork-like looking limb tips and there could be long and narrow clustered winged seed or samaras. Ash has continuous bundle scars inside leaf scar looks like smiley face. Important: A leaf scar is the major botanical feature when keying a green or white ash. The white ash will have a U-shaped leaf scar with the bud inside the dip; the green ash will have a D-shaped leaf scar with the bud sitting atop the scar. Leaves: opposite  , pinnately compound , without teeth.Bark: gray and furrowed.Fruit: a single winged key hanging in clusters. The Most Common North American Hardwood List ash  - Genus Fraxinus  beech  - Genus Fagus  basswood  - Genus Tilia  birch  - Genus  Betula  black cherry  Ã‚  - Genus  Prunus  black walnut/butternut  - Genus Juglans  cottonwood  Ã‚  - Genus  Populus  elm  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ulmus  hackberry  Ã‚  - Genus   Celtis  hickory  Ã‚  - Genus   Carya  holly  Ã‚  - Genus   IIex  locust  - Genus Robinia and Gleditsia  magnolia  Ã‚  - Genus   Magnolia  maple  - Genus Acer  oak  - Genus Quercus  poplar  Ã‚  - Genus  Populus  red alder  Ã‚  - Genus   Alnus  royal paulownia  Ã‚  - Genus  Paulownia  sassafras  Ã‚  - Genus   Sassafras  sweetgum  - Genus Liquidambar  sycamore  Ã‚  - Genus   Platanus  tupelo  Ã‚  - Genus   Nyssa  willow  Ã‚  - Genus   Salix  yellow-poplar  - Genus  Liriodendron